Dwarf pathfinder 2e. Ability Boosts: Constitution and Wisdom work grea...



Dwarf pathfinder 2e. Ability Boosts: Constitution and Wisdom work great for Clerics, Druids, and Monks, and the Charisma Flaw has little impact for many classes. Instead, they frequently live among humans within the walls of larger cities, carving out small communities alongside taller folk. You also become trained in Dwarven Lore. Jun 22, 2020 · Hello Adventurers, today were going to be taking a look at the Strong-Blooded Dwarf Heritage for the Dwarf Ancestry in Pathfinder 2E! Hello Adventurers, today were going to be taking a look at the Ancient-Blooded Dwarf Heritage for the Dwarf Ancestry in Pathfinder 2E! Jun 5, 2021 · Agile is tempting since Pathfinder 2e’s martial characters often depend on making numerous Strikes in a turn, which leads to a growing Multiple Attack Penalty. Browse and reference your favorite RPG rule sets for systems including D&D, Pathfinder, Call of Cthulhu, and Cyberpunk RED. Valuing kindness and beauty, elves ever strive to improve their manners, appearance, and culture Jun 5, 2021 · The 2nd edition of the exceptionally popular Pathfinder RPG from Paizo, Pathfinder 2nd edition continues Pathfinder’s tradition of deeply-customizable characters, but dramatically streamlines mechanics like combat and balancing encounters. 1 day ago · Magrim is the demigod ︎ overseer of the dwarven afterlife who first taught the dwarves how to commune with their gods. However, the Swashbuckler’s reliance on Finishers means that second or third attacks are a rarity so Agile is considerably less appealing than it usually is. Many halflings lead perfectly fulfilling lives in the shadows of their larger neighbors, while others Browse and reference your favorite RPG rule sets for systems including D&D, Pathfinder, Call of Cthulhu, and Cyberpunk RED. In surface dwarven cultures, men tend to be the ones most likely to grow and maintain a beard. Appendix 2: Height and Weight To determine a character's height, roll the modifier dice indicated on the appropriate Random Height & Weight table and add the result, in inches, to Magrim is not the leader of the dwarven pantheon, but he holds a special place of honor and authority as the eldest among them. Welcome to your #1 resource for entertaining Pathfinder Second Edition guides! I break things down into simple, easy-to-understand topics to help folks understand the game and have a laugh while Dwarf clerics, elven rogues, human everything—you get the drift. Dwarves There are two main groups of dwarves in the Mwangi Expanse, with virtually no contact between them: 44 the Mbe'ke, who migrated to the Terwa Uplands and founded the Sky Citadel of Cloudspire in -4372 AR, soon after the Quest for Sky; and the Taralu, who live in scattered clans across the eastern Mwangi Jungle. Quick display options: Short | Table | Grouped by Level 1 day ago · Canon races or lineages whose canon or mechanical roles were changed, removed, or made unclear by Pathfinder Second Edition or the Pathfinder Remaster 2E legacy planar scions Beastbrood rakshasa Hungerseed oni Canon unclear planar scions Foulspawn demodand Half-jann • • Dwarven ethnicities of Golarion Grondaksen (Underground dwarves) Kulenett 2 days ago · Pathfinder 2e taking inspiration from D&D 4e has always made me want to play and learn more from this system. Forge Dwarf Legacy Content Source Core Rulebook pg. 1 day ago · References Paizo published a major work about changelings and their culture titled Blood of the Coven, and articles for playing changeling characters in Inner Sea Races, Advanced Player's Guide for Pathfinder Second Edition, and Player Core. Jun 5, 2021 · Heightened Spells: Heightening spells is an important mechanic in Pathfinder 2e. " The 1E Core Rulebook tables Table 7-2: Aging Effects indicates that a dwarf could potentially live to 450 years of age. We are running through the very straightforward Ancestries | Versatile Heritages Dwarf Details | Dwarf Feats | Universal Ancestry Feats | Dwarf Heritages Dwarf Heritages Source Player Core pg. Sudden Charge makes up for the lower speed. Jul 18, 2025 · The Ancestry guides listed below include those for options published prior to the Pathfinder 2e Remaster. Many dwarves fled to the other nearby dwarven settlements, as well as settlements in Druma and the Mindspin Mountains. , the Dwarf has the lowest speed of any core ancestry. Creatures and objects of different sizes occupy different amounts of space. Dwarves are a noble race of demihumans who dwell under the earth, forging great cities and waging massive wars against the forces of chaos and evil. Hello Adventurers, today were going to be taking a look at the Dwarf Ancestry in Pathfinder 2E! Character Races Introduction Player Character Races After creating your character's ability scores, you must select a player character race. Just being able to make a new scroll with multiple spells every day while adventuring can be handy, and wealth-o-mancy with crafting is powerful later on. Greeting adventurer! Looks like you submitted some cool art based on the "Arts & Crafts" tag! Remember to follow-up with a comment crediting the artist and explaining more about how it relates to Pathfinder. PF2 changes this up in the way that ancestries provide ability score increases. Dwarves are stout folk who often live underground and typically have darkvision . This editable sheet ensures easy tracking of stats, abilities, and inventory. As the dwarven deity of both fate and death, his solemn duty is to ensure that every dwarf born on Golarion is granted both a unique mortal purpose and an achievable path to its fulfillment; the specifics of this charge vary from dwarf to dwarf, frequently focusing on Hill dwarves, also known as Neidar, are the most commonly encountered dwarven race on Krynn. Dwarves are sturdy artisans who have carved their homes from deep within the mountains. Basics / Character Creation Height and Weight Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. Revamped Ability Score Boosts Pathfinder 2E alters this landscape by revamping how ancestries provide ability score boosts. This makes you solid as a rock when you plant your feet. He is responsible for restoring wracked souls to be ready to return to the Universe of mortals. If I'm not wrong, Pathfinder 2E (the games use 1E) implemented a system allowing to ancestrys like aasimar and tiefling to appear in any race (so you could have aasimar dwarves of elf tieflings) and they also has a system for half human half orc/elf. High starting hp, easy access to fire resistance with the Forge Dwarf Heritage, and access to Critical Specialization Effects via the Dwarven Weapon Cunning feat. Dwarves typically reach physical adulthood around the age of 25, though their traditionalist culture places more value on completing coming-of-age ceremonies unique to each clan than reaching a certain age. 1945 The type of dwarf that other dwarves look at and think "wow that is such a dwarfy dwarf, the pinnacle of dwarfness" What would be a good way to do that? How would you build the most dwarfy dwarf to ever dwarf? Free archetype included (though I was really hoping pf2e would have a firstborn of moradin equivalent, doesn't look like it though) 1 day ago · Trade Northeast of Highhelm, dwarves control the Five Kings Mountains with unquestioned authority, and passage among the many high peaks remains relatively safe from living dangers. As the dwarven deity of both fate and death, his solemn duty is to ensure that every dwarf born on Golarion is granted both a unique mortal purpose and an achievable path to its fulfillment; the specifics of this charge vary from dwarf to dwarf, frequently focusing on Applications You gain the Dwarf trait and Darkvision. They have thick, heavy bones, tightly packed muscular sinew, and stability unmatched by other races. 42–45 Type Humanoid (dwarf) CR By class level Environment Any land Alignment LG NG CG LN N CN LE NE CE Adjective Dwarven, dwarvish Images of dwarves Source: Core Rulebook, pg (s). . Each race has unique powers and different class options. 1 day ago · For nearly 100 years, the dwarves of the Five Kings Mountains lost every sense of art and beauty, and their craftsmanship became merely adequate. Strongly consider the Fleet feat. Backgrounds In 1e, minor background fluff was mechanically represented by Traits. They favor earth toned clothing and knee-high boots. Simply put, dwarves, gnomes, and others just aren’t compatible with other races, even humans. Dwarves also have much in common with the rocks and gems they love to work, for they are both hard and unyielding. They are often voraciously intellectual, though their studies delve into a level of detail that most shorter-lived peoples find excessive or inefficient. Rock Dwarf Legacy Content Source Core Rulebook pg. Jun 5, 2021 · DnD now allows paladins of any alignment in the core rules, Pathfinder 1e published archetypes for other alignments, and Pathfinder 2e’s Core Rulebook allows three types of Good-aligned Champions, which was then expanded in the Advanced Player’s Guide to cover the three evil alignments. There is a lot to love about PF2 including deep character customization, a huge library of content which caters to a variety of styles, robust DM tools So I decided to ask here! Have you ever played a dwarf? What classes do you like to run with dwarves? Mayhaps tell us a bit about your favorite dwarf you played? Archived post. Jun 5, 2021 · One of the stranger things about Pathfinder 2e’s Ranger is the use of the word “warden”. Their optional rule to apply half-orc or half-elf to whatever was kinda tossed in there but so popular that it's largely come to define the ancestry/heritage system in the game! Taping on a half-dwarf Oct 20, 2021 · The Oracle is an exciting concept, originally based on DnD 3. If you do not follow up within 1 hour, the mods will have to remove it per rule #6. Crafting Dwarves Relationships Worshipers Dwarves, hryngars 1 Edicts Develop skills useful to your community (especially crafting, mining, and trading), honor your ancestors through traditions and rituals Anathema Dishonor your family, irreparably damage an ancestral relic, willingly break a contract or oath Follower Alignments (2E) LG NG CG LN Text dnd, dnd mini, dnd miniature, dungeons and dragons, dwarf, fighter, flatmini, flatminis, flatminis continued, for the horde, horde, hunter, pathfinder, pathfinder 2e, ranger, warcraft, world of warcraft, Dwarves are a noble race of demihumans who dwell under the earth, forging great cities and waging massive wars against the forces of chaos and evil. His skin is ash grey and scarred by burns, and his hair and beard are black smoke flecked with embers. They are extremely loyal and The feat description only says about armor and for other reasons it only reduces the penalty by 5 feet. Their years of meditation have granted them the ability to create boulders and shake the very earth. Dwarves also saw a lot of attention in Guns and Gears, so Dwarf (Creature) 2E 1E Common Medium Dwarf Humanoid Level Varies Alignment LG NG CG LN N CN LE NE CE Adjective Dwarven, dwarvish Images of dwarves Source: Player Core, pg (s). It could be said that their history shapes the dark disposition of many dwarves, for they reside in high Dwarves are slow to trust those outside their kin, but this wariness is not without reason. [1] A dwarf is a stout humanoid, usually a head shorter than their human counterparts, but much broader. Character Races Introduction Player Character Races After creating your character's ability scores, you must select a player character race. Dwarves are slow to trust those outside their kin, but this wariness is not without reason. To determine a character’s weight, multiply the result of the modifier dice by the weight multiplier and add the result to the base weight Magrim is not the leader of the dwarven pantheon, but he holds a special place of honor and authority as the eldest among them. It could be said that dwarven history shapes the dark disposition of many dwarves, for they Elves combine otherworldly grace, sharp intellect, and mysterious charm in a way that is practically magnetic to members of other ancestries. From what I have seen the reason is that in the previous version, Dwarves had the feat Slow & Steady which allowed for no speed reduction when wearing any armor type. You are not required to know the pathfinder 2e rules, however it is a plus. For additional as-yet unincorporated sources about this subject, see the Meta page. More than any other race, dwarves have acquired a reputation as dour and humorless artisans of the earth. Medium and small size have few functional differences in Pathfinder 2e. Torag's evil former student Droskar This broad dagger is carried by dwarves as a weapon, tool, and designation of clan. 2 days ago · Inhabitants The Grand Duchy of Alkenstar serves as the safest haven within the Mana Wastes, attracting not only traditional refugees, escaped slaves, and nomads but also a growing number of merchants, foreign diplomats, and dwarves seeking to reunite with their kin in Dongun Hold. 1 day ago · Droskar appears as a male dwarf towering over all beings that he addresses. In the Core Rulebook, there’s a Warden feat chain starting with Monster Hunter and Monster Warden. Useful details are the character's ABC, campaign details, or builds relating to Pathfinder 2E. You gain a +2 circumstance bonus to your Fortitude or Reflex DC against attempts to Shove or Trip you. Throughout its history, the Oracle has been the divine equivalent to the Sorcerer, sharing the cleric’s armor and weapon options but using the Sorcerer’s spellcasting mechanics. As a Dwarf, you select from among the following ancestry feats. 35 You have a remarkable adaptation to hot environments from ancestors who inhabited blazing deserts or volcanic chambers beneath the earth. 2 At old age, –2 to Str, Dex, and Con and +1 to Int, Wis, and Cha. In Pathfinder 2e, that means Download the Pathfinder 2E Remaster Character Sheet (Fillable PDF) to streamline your gameplay. It's often been said that it's easier to make a stone weep than it is to change a dwarf's mind. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. 41 You select a heritage at 1st level to reflect abilities passed down to you from your ancestors or common among those of your ancestry in the environment where you were born or grew up. The dwarven gods are one large family, with Torag as its patriarch. More than any other race, the dwarves have acquired a reputation as dour and humorless craftsmen of the earth. So dwarf clerics and druids, elven rogues and wizards, and human everything was the norm. Quick display options: Short | Table | Grouped by Level | Grouped by Creature Family | Grouped by Size Hello Adventurers, today were going to be taking a look at thRock Dwarf Heritage for the Dwarf Ancestry in Pathfinder 2E! Apr 27, 2021 · The 2E Core Rulebook says " A typical dwarf can live to around 350 years old. Should Dwarves get Unburdened Iron as a free ancestory Halfling Legacy Content Halfling Humanoid Source Core Rulebook pg. If respected, these warriors can become life-long allies; if slighted, they can become a thorn in one's side for the remainder of one's life. Their optional rule to apply half-orc or half-elf to whatever was kinda tossed in there but so popular that it's largely come to define the ancestry/heritage system in the game! Taping on a half-dwarf 1 At middle age, –1 to Str, Dex, and Con and +1 to Int, Wis, and Cha. He is joined by his brothers Magrim (the Taskmaster) and Angradd (the Forge Fire), his half-sister Dranngvit (the Debt Minder), and his wife Folgrit (the Watchful Mother). Should Dwarves get Unburdened Iron as a free ancestory Dec 27, 2022 · Beyond that, the Dwarf has quite a bit to offer. But while creating a Dwarf Champion in pathbuilder, using the new Fortress Shield, I noticed that the feat completely ignored the 10 feet speed penalty from this item. In addition, you can select Dwarf, half-Dwarf, and your original ancestry feats whenever you gain an ancestry feat. Semi optimised is generally enough. The sizes and the spaces they each take up on a grid are listed in Table 9–1: Size and Reach. Here's what you should know. The Dwarf’s Ancestry Feats and traits emphasize this durability, making the Dwarf an excellent choice for durable front-line characters. 3 At venerable age, –3 to Str, Dex, and Con and +1 to Int, Wis, and Cha. They excel at jobs other races find tedious, but also have a great love of exploration and discovery. The same goes for tower shields. Neidar tend to be rough and coarse. Traits Dwarf: A creature with this trait is a member of the dwarf ancestry. Dwarf clerics, elven rogues, human everything—you get the drift. Dwarves have a long history of forced exile from ancestral holds and struggles against the depredations of savage foes, especially giants, goblinoids, orcs, and the horrors that dwell deep below the surface. Pathfinder 2e Nexus - Dwarf - Dwarves are short and stocky, standing about a foot shorter than most humans. Dwarf (Ancestries) Dwarf (Traits) Rock Dwarf (Heritages) Forge Dwarf (Heritages) Dwarf (Legacy) (Ancestries) Death Warden Dwarf (Heritages) Ancestry Dwarf Dwarves make for excellent medium or heavy armored ancestries because of the feat Unburdened Iron which removes any speed penalties a piece of armor or shield imposes. This bulk Dwarf Dwarves in Pathfinder are known for being gruff and stoic, living in underground cities in the mountains, constantly warring with giants, orcs and goblinoids. Each ancestry offers a free ability score increase in addition to their classic ability score boosts and penalties (except for humans, who remain generalists). If you want to play A staple of fantasy fiction, dwarves are hardy, durable folk who are often fond of crafting. Racial Traits: Ability Scores: +2 Wisdom and Constitution, -2 Charisma - this makes them perfect candidates for Clerics, Rangers, and Between their finely crafted equipment and natural bravery, a dwarf warrior can hold their ground against mighty foes. Nov 29, 2023 · Pathfinder 2e Remaster brings about some improvements to the Dwarven heritages. I am building my first PF 2e character and notice that Dwarves have a 20' base speed. This grants you fire resistance equal to half your level (minimum 1), and you treat environmental heat effects as if they were one step less extreme (incredible heat becomes extreme, extreme heat becomes Jan 6, 2025 · Guisarme was already mentioned. His children are Bolka (the Golden Gift), Grundinnar (the Peacemaker), Kols (the Oath-Keeper), and Trudd (the Mighty). Since druids don’t use a Spell Repertoire, you can prepare a spell at any level that you can cast. I think if they made Pathfinder 2e all over again right now, I would expect they'd include half-heritages for every non-human ancestry (like they include multiclass archetypes for every class). Pathfinder 2e is not the game you choose for broken builds. The small size of dwarves is an advantage against ogres, trolls, ogre magi, giants, and titans; these monsters always subtract 4 from their attack rolls against dwarves because of that size difference and the dwarves' training in fighting such large foes. Speed: At just 20 ft. Neidar have deep tan to light brown skin, ruddy cheeks, and bright eyes. These elemental specialists are often highly respected in their community, which prizes their art of geomancy. Community / Forums / Pathfinder / Pathfinder Second Edition / Advice / Tips for making dwarf fighter for someone who’s beginning to learn the 2E rules? Basics / Character Creation Height and Weight Source PRPG Core Rulebook pg. Now, each ancestry offers a complimentary ability score boost alongside their traditional adjustments (except for humans, who remain versatile as ever). Dwarven Beards While the idea of a dwarf typically brings to mind a stout, bearded man, the beard isn't exclusively a feature among male dwarves. Anyway, if you're looking for something high-end; dwarf wizards can make items fast with their racial favored class bonus, especially with a valet familiar. 21 Ⅰ Ⅱ Dwarves are a stoic but stern race, ensconced in cities carved from the hearts of mountains and fiercely determined to repel the depredations of savage races like orcs and goblins. All while beardless and fantastically dressed. While trust from a dwarf is hard-won, once gained it is as strong as iron. This bonus also applies to saving throws against spells or effects that The dwarves of Golarion are a humanoid race of dour warriors and craftspeople. All further options can be decided later, when the player has more experience. Text dnd, dnd mini, dnd miniature, dungeons and dragons, flatmini, flatminis, flatminis continued, iconic, kineticist, ogl, orc, pathfinder, pathfinder 2e, pathfinder iconic, Dwarf Feats At 1st level, you gain one ancestry feat, and you gain an additional ancestry feat every 4 levels thereafter (at 5th, 9th, 13th, and 17th levels). Share Sort by: Best Open comment sort options Best Top New Controversial Old Q&A Dreilala • Dwarf Stonecaster All dwarves share a connection to the earth, but stonecasters have focused and polished that connection. Guns and Gears adds some more great dwarf options, including Clan Pistol if you want to play a gun-toting ranged build. Half-dwarves, half-gnomes, half-halflings, and numerous other combinations are all but unheard of on Golarion. 51 Claiming no place as their own, halflings control few settlements larger than villages. Remember that a dwarf gets a clan dagger for free by default. Feb 25, 2025 · Pathfinder Dwarf The Pathfinder Dwarf race is fairly close to the classic Tolkien variety we know and love; the Pathfinder 2e Core Rulebook describes them as "a stoic and stern people, ensconced within citadels and cities carved from solid rock"; it says they're "short and stocky" folk who're "slow to trust those outside their kin". Dwarven caravans from Highhelm seldom travel to nearby Darkmoon Vale, however, and most head west into Isger or Molthune. 5’s Favored Soul, then introduced in Pathfinder 1st edition, where it introduced the concpet of the Oracle’s Curse. This chapter details the six standard fantasy species available for your character: human, elf, dwarf, gnome, half-elf, or halfling. Closest there be is stuff that's slated for errata but hasn't been actually changed yet. Biological incompatibility is the first and foremost reason that such half-races cannot exist. 36 Your ancestors lived and worked among the great ancient stones of the mountains or the depths of the earth. the game will be played in English! Jun 5, 2021 · Size: Medium. 1 day ago · Canon races or lineages whose canon or mechanical roles were changed, removed, or made unclear by Pathfinder Second Edition or the Pathfinder Remaster 2E legacy planar scions Beastbrood rakshasa Hungerseed oni Canon unclear planar scions Foulspawn demodand Half-jann • • Dwarven ethnicities of Golarion Grondaksen (Underground dwarves) Kulenett A creature with this trait is a member of the dwarf ancestry. Dwarves are stout folk who often live underground and typically have darkvision. To determine a character’s weight, multiply the result of the modifier dice by the weight multiplier and add the result to the base weight This video explores the best teamwork-focused options for the "pathfinder dwarf", highlighting unique "pathfinder 2e feats" and "pathfinder 2e classes" that make them stand out compared to "dnd". An item with this trait is created and used by dwarves. I forgot to discuss the Dwarf options in the Lost Omens Feb 25, 2025 · Pathfinder Dwarf The Pathfinder Dwarf race is fairly close to the classic Tolkien variety we know and love; the Pathfinder 2e Core Rulebook describes them as "a stoic and stern people, ensconced within citadels and cities carved from solid rock"; it says they're "short and stocky" folk who're "slow to trust those outside their kin". 169 To determine a character’s height, roll the modifier dice indicated on Table 7–3 and add the result, in inches, to the base height for your character’s race and gender. For implementations in other systems, please see the full article linked above. This is a follow-up video to my Pathfinder 2e Dwarf Ancestry Deep Dive! (Watch it here: • DWARF ANCESTRY GUIDE - PATHFINDER 2E ). If you're looking for how tall your Human/Elf/Dwarf/ is, 1e also had tables to roll sizes & weights; here's the core race table, other races have their tables on the respective race's page. Table 9–1 also lists the typical reach for creatures of each size, for both tall creatures (most bipeds) and long creatures (most quadrupeds). Dwarves Dwarves are a stoic but stern race, ensconced in cities carved from the hearts of mountains and fiercely determined to repel the depredations of savage races like orcs and goblins. An ability with this trait can be used or selected only by dwarves. These guides are left in place for players using pre-remaster content, all of which is still considered legal until it is remastered. Aug 6, 2019 · [Pathfinder 2nd Edition] Half-Race Heritages Half-Race Heritages Though traditionally these would be human heritages, the following half-race options are available to members of any race Except for their own, as with the Half-Elf and Half-Orc heritages. Here's the creature size table from 1e. I am a Dwarves are slow to trust those outside their kin, but this wariness is not without reason. Any dwarf, regardless of gender, is capable of growing an impressive beard. For information on moving from legacy content to remaster content, see our transition guide. The Space entry lists how many feet on a side a creature's space is, so a Large Dwarf names - Pathfinder This name generator will give you 10 random names fit for the Dwarves part of the Pathfinder universe. Choose which one you want from the list below. It does not appear that Slow & Steady is in 2e and has been replaced by Unburdened Iron. Their hair is brown, black, or gray, and the majority of adult males wear long bushy beards and moustaches. Losing or having to surrender a clan dagger is considered a mark of embarrassment to most dwarves. Dwarves have a long history of forced exile from ancestral holds and struggles against the depredations of savage foes, especially giants , goblinoids, orcs , and the horrors that dwell deep below the surface. Is there any reason for that? I know that's a good thing, but I'm more concerned about the A nation of democratic, cooperative dwarves who live on mountains with cloud dragons, practice powerful air magic, and sail the seas as merchants. Pathfinder Second Edition Compendium Type to search for a spell, item, class — anything! Which Dwarf did you mean? We found more than one entry for that page. One of the core tenets of 2e is modularity, to create a framework where the player is free to plug in many different interchangeable parts. Many spells scale with spell level, allowing them to stay relevant long after you learned them. We're only two books out from Core, and I can already see the potential for crazy design space. Cantrips: Fantastic every time, on any character, in any amount. Hello Adventurers, today were going to be taking a look at the Death Warden Dwarf Heritage for the Dwarf Ancestry in Pathfinder 2E! For more information on dwarves, see the full article: Dwarf The following is the mechanical implementation of dwarves for the Pathfinder 2e system. Pathfinder 2e Nexus - Dwarf - Dwarves are a short, stocky people who are often stubborn, fierce, and devoted. Feb 28, 2026 · Seven Dooms for Sandpoint Hi everyone, I am looking for 4-5 players for the pathfinder 2e adventure path “Seven Dooms for Sandpoint”. qopg zla mmd kwupjfn rpr lthxbm xdhz rxltob fjbb bxw

Dwarf pathfinder 2e.  Ability Boosts: Constitution and Wisdom work grea...Dwarf pathfinder 2e.  Ability Boosts: Constitution and Wisdom work grea...